We are given a set sof wireless sensor nodes, given as a set of points in. Faulttolerant and constrained relay node placement in. Survivable relay placement, wireless sensor networks. We are given a set s of wireless sensor nodes, given as a set of points in the twodimensional plane, and real numbers 0 nodes. The relay nodes share the burden of sensor nodes and provide energy efficient data gathering, increase network life time for wsn. School of ece, purdue university, west lafayette, usa. The relay node placement problem in wireless sensor network wsn aims at deploying the minimum number of relay nodes over the network so that each sensor can communicate with at least one relay node. Optimal placement of relay nodes in wireless sensor. Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks errol l. Relay node placement for lost connectivity restoration in. Pdf deploying sensor nodes randomly most of the time generates initial communication hole even in highly dense networks. Manets have high degree of mobility, while sensor networks are mostly stationary.
Pdf relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Faulttolerant relay node placement in heterogeneous. Algorithm mrp1 scheme is utilized for creating the wireless sensor network of relay nodes and sensor nodes where sensor and relay nodes are connected. Chapter 1 network coding techniques for wireless and.
A wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of sensors, which can be densely deployed to monitor the targeted environment. Wireless sensor networks, which are responsible for sensing as well as for the first stages of the processing hierarchy. Cooperative communications with relay selection based on. Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks university of. In this paper, we optimize network performance by finding the optimal routing algorithm and relay node placement scheme for wireless sensor networks powered by ambient energy harvesting. Dynamic relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. In multihop wireless networks there are one or more intermediate nodes along the path that receive and forward. In 9, 19, relay node placement was studied in a twotiered wsn under the assumption that. Relay node placement for connectivity restoration in. Wireless sensor networks wsn are enabler technologies for the implementation of the internet of things iot concept. Wsn is a wireless network that consists of base stations and numbers of nodes wireless sensors.
Index termsartificial bee colony, wiener index, optimization, relay nodes, laplacian matrix. Hanieh tarbiat khosrowshahi, mojtaba shakeri abstract. An optimized relay selection technique to improve the. We develop an analytical model to facilitate our investigation and use it to identify some key characteristics of the problem. The energy consumption is the major issues of the sensor network due to far deployment and small size of the sensor nodes. As sensor nodes are limited in power, processing capacity, and storage, new communication protocols and management services are needed to ful. Alim al islam, mohammad sajjad hossain, vijay raghunathan. The motivation for adopting noncoherent combining scheme is due to low complexity in a sensor node for signal detection. The problem is to place the minimum number of relay nodes such that 1 each sensor node can communicate with at least two relay nodes and 2 the network of the relay nodes is 2connected. Cooperative communication technology has become a research hotspot in wireless sensor networks wsns in recent years, and will become one of the key technologies for improving spectrum utilization in wireless communication systems in the future.
Analysis of breakdown probability of wireless sensor. Lloyd and guoliang xuey, senior member, ieee abstract a wireless sensor network consists of many lowcost, lowpower sensor nodes, which can perform sensing, simple computation, and transmission of sensed information. Analysis of breakdown probability of wireless sensor networks with unreliable relay nodes takayuki nozaki, yamaguchi university, japan email. In cellular and wireless local area networks, wireless communication only occurs on the last link between a base station and the wireless end system. Ray liu2 1department of electrical engineering, 2department of electrical and computer engineering, alexandria university, alexandria 21544, egypt. Optimal placement of relay nodes in wireless sensor network. Performance analysis of wireless sensor networks with non. Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks citeseerx. A clustering technique to maximize stability in wireless sensor networks with relay nodes, international journal of communications, network and system sciences, vol. Wireless sensor networks wsns consist of a set of sensor nodes with limited capability. A wireless sensor network consists of many lowcost, lowpower sensor nodes, which can perform sensing, simple computation, and transmission of sensed information. Relay nodes in wireless sensor networks springerlink. Raghunathan, dynamic clustering with relay nodes dcrn. A hospital healthcare monitoring system using wireless.
A hospital healthcare monitoring system using wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks, relay sensor, steiner point, smtmsp, topology control. Wireless sensor networks wsns are harshly challenged by limited energy. Energy efficient for data aggregation in wireless sensor. Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks article pdf available in ieee transactions on computers 561. A wireless sensor network wsn consists of a large number of lowcost. Wsns may suffer from multiple node failures when they are exposed to harsh environments such as military zones or disaster locations and lose connectivity by getting partitioned into disjoint segments. Relay node and cluster head placement in wireless sensor. Its performance was evaluated in terms of the transfer capacity, the energy consumption of the interested node, and its validity of a cooperative node. Wsn nodes have less power, computation and communication compared to manet nodes.
The scope of the paper is limited to the bestcase scenario of uniformly distributed networks which are also somewhat simpler to analyse. Recently, the effectiveness of deploying relay nodes in wireless sensor networks has been widely investigated. On relay nodes deployment for distributed detection in wireless sensor networks karim g. Relay sensor placement in wireless sensor networks school of. Routing and relay node placement in wireless sensor. Pdf optimal placement of relay nodes in wireless sensor. Its essential to use available energy in efficient manner to maintain sustainability in.
The gridbased deployment yields more accurate positioning and data measurements because nodes are arranged on the. In this paper, we study the relay node placement problem in large scale wireless sensor networks. Faulttolerant relay node placement in wireless sensor. In this paper, a noncoherent cooperative relay node selection scheme for the wireless sensor networks has been proposed.
Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks. When the deployed relay nodes are homogeneous and their communication ranges are circular, one way to solve the wsn relay node placement problem is to solve the minimum geometric disk cover. The deployment of relay nodes in sensor networks has been proposed for. Introduction and related work a wireless sensor network wsn consists of many lowcost and lowpower sensor nodes sns1. In this paper, we propose a new strategy to assist in the placement of relay nodes rns for a. However, in the context of untethered nodes, the finite. The applications such as combat field reconnaissance, border protection, space exploration, etc. The importance of sensor networks is highlighted by the number of recent funding initiatives, including the darpa sensit program,military programs, and nsf program announcements. Manet wireless sensor networks may be considered a subset of mobile adhoc networks manet.
These ways of deployment ensure multihop communication to. Chapter 1 network coding techniques for wireless and sensor networks 1pouya ostovari,1jie wu, and2abdallah khreishah abstract network coding is a technique where relay nodes mix packets using mathematical operations, which reduces the number of transmitted packets. In contrast, this paper addresses the problem of deploying relay nodes to provide faulttolerance with higher network connectivity in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, where sensor nodes. Long distance transmission by sensor nodes is not energy efficient, since energy consumption is a superlinear function of the transmission distance. First is for a given number of points we have to find out the. On relay nodes deployment for distributed detection in.
These networks are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions like sound, pressure, temperature, and cooperatively pass data through the network to the main location as shown in the figure. In contrast, this paper addresses the problem of deploying relay nodes to provide faulttolerance with higher network connectivity in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, where sensor nodes possess different transmission radii. Linear time approximation algorithms for the relay node. Wsns provide an adequate infrastructure for the lastlink communication with smart objects. Motivated by application to wireless sensor networks, we study the following problem. In the equaton 2, the is the number of neighbor nodes.
It leverages cooperation among multiple relay nodes in the wireless network to realize path transmission sharing, thereby. Strengthening clustering through relay nodes in sensor networks. Introduction to wireless sensor networks types and. A clustering technique to maximize stability in wireless sensor networks with relay nodes. Nevertheless, the wireless communication medium being inherently unreliable, there is the need to increase its communication reliability. In younis and akkaya 2008, classification of deployments into random and gridbased are highlighted by the authors. There has been extensive research on energy aware routing 4, 10, 16, 27, improvement in lifetime 12, 21, 24, 26, and survivability 20. The authors use the steinerization of edges to create a path between two sensor nodes. New network architectures with heterogeneous devices and the recent advancement in this technology.
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