Relay node placement for lost connectivity restoration in. New network architectures with heterogeneous devices and the recent advancement in this technology. Recently, the effectiveness of deploying relay nodes in wireless sensor networks has been widely investigated. We are given a set sof wireless sensor nodes, given as a set of points in. Manets have high degree of mobility, while sensor networks are mostly stationary.
Its essential to use available energy in efficient manner to maintain sustainability in. Manet wireless sensor networks may be considered a subset of mobile adhoc networks manet. Wireless sensor networks, relay sensor, steiner point, smtmsp, topology control. Pdf relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. In multihop wireless networks there are one or more intermediate nodes along the path that receive and forward. Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks errol l. It leverages cooperation among multiple relay nodes in the wireless network to realize path transmission sharing, thereby. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. In the equaton 2, the is the number of neighbor nodes. Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks article pdf available in ieee transactions on computers 561. Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks university of. Optimal placement of relay nodes in wireless sensor network. Linear time approximation algorithms for the relay node. A hospital healthcare monitoring system using wireless.
The applications such as combat field reconnaissance, border protection, space exploration, etc. Its performance was evaluated in terms of the transfer capacity, the energy consumption of the interested node, and its validity of a cooperative node. Lloyd and guoliang xuey, senior member, ieee abstract a wireless sensor network consists of many lowcost, lowpower sensor nodes, which can perform sensing, simple computation, and transmission of sensed information. A wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of sensors, which can be densely deployed to monitor the targeted environment. The scope of the paper is limited to the bestcase scenario of uniformly distributed networks which are also somewhat simpler to analyse. A wireless sensor network consists of many lowcost, lowpower sensor nodes, which can perform sensing, simple computation, and transmission of sensed information. The importance of sensor networks is highlighted by the number of recent funding initiatives, including the darpa sensit program,military programs, and nsf program announcements. Faulttolerant and constrained relay node placement in.
Wireless sensor networks wsn are enabler technologies for the implementation of the internet of things iot concept. However, in the context of untethered nodes, the finite. In this paper, we study the relay node placement problem in large scale wireless sensor networks. Analysis of breakdown probability of wireless sensor. The relay node placement problem in wireless sensor network wsn aims at deploying the minimum number of relay nodes over the network so that each sensor can communicate with at least one relay node.
Cooperative communication technology has become a research hotspot in wireless sensor networks wsns in recent years, and will become one of the key technologies for improving spectrum utilization in wireless communication systems in the future. Dynamic relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks, which are responsible for sensing as well as for the first stages of the processing hierarchy. The relay nodes share the burden of sensor nodes and provide energy efficient data gathering, increase network life time for wsn. Alim al islam, mohammad sajjad hossain, vijay raghunathan. First is for a given number of points we have to find out the. There has been extensive research on energy aware routing 4, 10, 16, 27, improvement in lifetime 12, 21, 24, 26, and survivability 20. When the deployed relay nodes are homogeneous and their communication ranges are circular, one way to solve the wsn relay node placement problem is to solve the minimum geometric disk cover. As sensor nodes are limited in power, processing capacity, and storage, new communication protocols and management services are needed to ful. Routing and relay node placement in wireless sensor. Algorithm mrp1 scheme is utilized for creating the wireless sensor network of relay nodes and sensor nodes where sensor and relay nodes are connected.
Wireless sensor networks wsns consist of a set of sensor nodes with limited capability. School of ece, purdue university, west lafayette, usa. Hanieh tarbiat khosrowshahi, mojtaba shakeri abstract. A hospital healthcare monitoring system using wireless sensor networks. Performance analysis of wireless sensor networks with non. Relay node placement for connectivity restoration in. Survivable relay placement, wireless sensor networks. The authors use the steinerization of edges to create a path between two sensor nodes. Pdf optimal placement of relay nodes in wireless sensor. Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks. We develop an analytical model to facilitate our investigation and use it to identify some key characteristics of the problem. In younis and akkaya 2008, classification of deployments into random and gridbased are highlighted by the authors.
These ways of deployment ensure multihop communication to. A clustering technique to maximize stability in wireless sensor networks with relay nodes, international journal of communications, network and system sciences, vol. Chapter 1 network coding techniques for wireless and sensor networks 1pouya ostovari,1jie wu, and2abdallah khreishah abstract network coding is a technique where relay nodes mix packets using mathematical operations, which reduces the number of transmitted packets. Index termsartificial bee colony, wiener index, optimization, relay nodes, laplacian matrix. Wsns may suffer from multiple node failures when they are exposed to harsh environments such as military zones or disaster locations and lose connectivity by getting partitioned into disjoint segments. In this paper, we propose a new strategy to assist in the placement of relay nodes rns for a. Cooperative communications with relay selection based on. Raghunathan, dynamic clustering with relay nodes dcrn. On relay nodes deployment for distributed detection in. Ray liu2 1department of electrical engineering, 2department of electrical and computer engineering, alexandria university, alexandria 21544, egypt. Relay sensor placement in wireless sensor networks school of. Introduction and related work a wireless sensor network wsn consists of many lowcost and lowpower sensor nodes sns1. Analysis of breakdown probability of wireless sensor networks with unreliable relay nodes takayuki nozaki, yamaguchi university, japan email. Long distance transmission by sensor nodes is not energy efficient, since energy consumption is a superlinear function of the transmission distance.
The motivation for adopting noncoherent combining scheme is due to low complexity in a sensor node for signal detection. The problem is to place the minimum number of relay nodes such that 1 each sensor node can communicate with at least two relay nodes and 2 the network of the relay nodes is 2connected. In contrast, this paper addresses the problem of deploying relay nodes to provide faulttolerance with higher network connectivity in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, where sensor nodes possess different transmission radii. Relay nodes in wireless sensor networks springerlink. Optimal placement of relay nodes in wireless sensor. Nevertheless, the wireless communication medium being inherently unreliable, there is the need to increase its communication reliability. Faulttolerant relay node placement in heterogeneous. Introduction to wireless sensor networks types and.
Wsn nodes have less power, computation and communication compared to manet nodes. Wsns provide an adequate infrastructure for the lastlink communication with smart objects. Strengthening clustering through relay nodes in sensor networks. In this paper, we optimize network performance by finding the optimal routing algorithm and relay node placement scheme for wireless sensor networks powered by ambient energy harvesting.
In 9, 19, relay node placement was studied in a twotiered wsn under the assumption that. A wireless sensor network wsn consists of a large number of lowcost. In contrast, this paper addresses the problem of deploying relay nodes to provide faulttolerance with higher network connectivity in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, where sensor nodes. The energy consumption is the major issues of the sensor network due to far deployment and small size of the sensor nodes. Chapter 1 network coding techniques for wireless and. Motivated by application to wireless sensor networks, we study the following problem. An optimized relay selection technique to improve the. Faulttolerant relay node placement in wireless sensor. We are given a set s of wireless sensor nodes, given as a set of points in the twodimensional plane, and real numbers 0 nodes. Pdf deploying sensor nodes randomly most of the time generates initial communication hole even in highly dense networks. In this paper, a noncoherent cooperative relay node selection scheme for the wireless sensor networks has been proposed. Energy efficient for data aggregation in wireless sensor.
These networks are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions like sound, pressure, temperature, and cooperatively pass data through the network to the main location as shown in the figure. Wsn is a wireless network that consists of base stations and numbers of nodes wireless sensors. On relay nodes deployment for distributed detection in wireless sensor networks karim g. Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks citeseerx. Relay node and cluster head placement in wireless sensor. In cellular and wireless local area networks, wireless communication only occurs on the last link between a base station and the wireless end system.
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